La Reforma Psiquiátrica en Andalucía. Cuatro décadas de transformaciones en los servicios públicos de salud mental / The Psychiatric Reform in Andalusia (Spain) Four Decades of Transformations in Public Mental Health Services

El artículo pretende presentar de manera resumida las características más destacadas del proceso de transformación de las estructuras públicas de atención a problemas de salud mental, iniciada oficialmente en Andalucía en junio de 1984, con la aprobación por el Parlamento de una ley específica sobre el tema. A lo largo de estos ya casi 40 años, la arcaica estructura de servicios que caracterizaba la asistencia psiquiátrica se ha transformado en una red compleja de base y orientación comunitaria, superadora de los Hospitales Psiquiátricos y con un sector sanitario integrado en el Sistema Sanitario Público y otro intersectorial dependiente de la Fundación pública FAISEM. El texto presenta las características previas, las líneas de trabajo desarrolladas y los principales resultados obtenidos, con una valoración positiva en relación con la situación de partida, pero también con importantes aspectos no adecuadamente resueltos y que necesitan desarrollos posteriores que, sin embargo, no se están abordando hoy por hoy. (AU)

The article aims to present in a summarized way the most outstanding characteristics of the process of transformation of public structures of attention to mental health problems, officially initiated in Andalusia in June 1984, with the approval by Parliament of law on the subject. Throughout these almost 40 years the archaic structure of services that characterized psychiatric care has been transformed into a complex network of community orientation, surpassing the Psychiatric Hospitals and with a health sector integrated into the Public Health System and another intersectoral dependent on the FAISEM public Foundation. The text presents the previous characteristics, the lines of work developed, and the main results obtained, with a positive assessment in relation to the initial situation, but also with important aspects not adequately resolved and that need subsequent developments that, however, are not being addressed today. (AU)

La Reforma Psiquiátrica en Andalucía. Cuatro décadas de transformaciones en los servicios públicos de salud mental / The Psychiatric Reform in Andalusia (Spain) Four Decades of Transformations in Public Mental Health Services

El artículo pretende presentar de manera resumida las características más destacadas del proceso de transformación de las estructuras públicas de atención a problemas de salud mental, iniciada oficialmente en Andalucía en junio de 1984, con la aprobación por el Parlamento de una ley específica sobre el tema. A lo largo de estos ya casi 40 años, la arcaica estructura de servicios que caracterizaba la asistencia psiquiátrica se ha transformado en una red compleja de base y orientación comunitaria, superadora de los Hospitales Psiquiátricos y con un sector sanitario integrado en el Sistema Sanitario Público y otro intersectorial dependiente de la Fundación pública FAISEM. El texto presenta las características previas, las líneas de trabajo desarrolladas y los principales resultados obtenidos, con una valoración positiva en relación con la situación de partida, pero también con importantes aspectos no adecuadamente resueltos y que necesitan desarrollos posteriores que, sin embargo, no se están abordando hoy por hoy. (AU)

The article aims to present in a summarized way the most outstanding characteristics of the process of transformation of public structures of attention to mental health problems, officially initiated in Andalusia in June 1984, with the approval by Parliament of law on the subject. Throughout these almost 40 years the archaic structure of services that characterized psychiatric care has been transformed into a complex network of community orientation, surpassing the Psychiatric Hospitals and with a health sector integrated into the Public Health System and another intersectoral dependent on the FAISEM public Foundation. The text presents the previous characteristics, the lines of work developed, and the main results obtained, with a positive assessment in relation to the initial situation, but also with important aspects not adequately resolved and that need subsequent developments that, however, are not being addressed today. (AU)

Old dog, new tricks? Exploring the potential functionalities of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods in social psychiatry.

BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence is ever-expanding and large-language models are increasingly shaping teaching and learning experiences. ChatGPT is a prominent recent example of this technology and has generated much debate around the benefits and disadvantages of chatbots in educational domains. AIM: This study seeks to demonstrate the possible use-cases of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods specific to social psychiatry. METHODS: Through interactions with ChatGPT 3.5, we asked this technology to list six ways in which it could aid social psychiatry teaching. Subsequently, we requested that ChatGPT perform one of the tasks it identified in its responses. FINDINGS: ChatGPT highlighted several roles it could fulfil in educational settings, including as an information provider, a tool for debates and discussions, a facilitator of self-directed learning and a content-creator for course materials. For the latter scenario, based on another prompt, ChatGPT generated a hypothetical case vignette for a topic relevant to social psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experiences, ChatGPT can be an effective teaching tool, offering opportunities for active and case-based learning for students and instructors in social psychiatry. However, in their current form, chatbots have several limitations that must be considered, including misinformation and inherent biases, although these may only be temporary in nature as these technologies continue to advance. Accordingly, we argue that large-language models can support social psychiatry education with appropriate caution and encourage educators to become attuned to their potential through further detailed research in this area.

Mattering, wellness, and fairness: Psychosocial goods for the common good.

Whereas the behavioral and health sciences have been mainly concerned with the private good, there is an urgent need to understand and foster the collective good. Without a coherent framework for the common good, it will be extremely difficult to prevent and manage crises such as pandemics, illness, climate change, poverty, discrimination, injustice, and inequality, all of which affects marginalized populations disproportionally. While frameworks for personal well-being abound in psychology, psychiatry, counseling, and social work, conceptualizations of collective well-being are scarce. Our search for foundations of the common good resulted in the identification of three psychosocial goods: mattering, wellness, and fairness. There are several reasons for choosing them, including the fact that they concurrently advance personal, relational, and collective value. In addition, they represent basic human motivations, have considerable explanatory power, exist at multiple ecological levels, and have significant transformative potential. The complementary nature of the three goods is illustrated in an interactional model. Based on empirical evidence, we suggest that conditions of justice lead to experiences of mattering, which, in turn, enhance wellness. Challenges and opportunities afforded by the model at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, occupational, communal, national, and global levels are presented. The proposed psychosocial goods are used to formulate a culture for the common good in which we balance the right with the responsibility to feel valued and add value, to self and others, in order to promote not just wellness but also fairness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

[The Journal "Deine Gesundheit" - A Reflection of Social Psychiatry in the GDR?] / "Deine Gesundheit" ­ Spiegelbild der Sozialpsychiatrie in der DDR?

BACKGROUND: Articles on psychiatric care in the GDR published in the journal "Deine Gesundheit" are identified. This involved examining how psychiatry was presented to the public and the intentions of addressing a lay audience. METHODOLOGY: All booklets published between 1955 and 1989 were systematically reviewed, the role of the publishers examined, and an assessment made in the context of social psychiatry and sociopolitical conditions. RESULTS: There was a lively publication activity of psychiatric topics by mainly professional actors. The temporal accumulation in the context of psychiatric reform efforts is striking. CONCLUSIONS: Reform-oriented psychiatrists in particular used the popular science medium to reach a broad public and thus greater social acceptance of community psychiatric care concepts.

[The transitional mobile team, psychiatric care upon release from prison]. / L'équipe mobile transitionnelle, des soins psychiatriques en sortie de prison.

The "transitional mobile team" has been developed to optimize the management of the transition from prison to the community for people with psychiatric disorders in France. The objectives are to limit the risk of relapse and death during this high-risk period and to ensure the links between psychiatry in prison and community psychiatry.

Racial reckoning, resistance, and the revolution: A call to community psychology to move forward.

This article introduces a special issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology that features racial reckoning, resistance and the revolution in the context of a syndemic, the historical subjugation of communities of Color (COC) to racial hierarchies and the coronavirus (COVID-19). More specifically, this special issue underscores the need for community psychology and other allied disciplines to address this syndemic facing COC. The special issue delivers on the stories of the lived experiences from researchers and community members as it relates to COVID-19 and COC. Twelve articles are illuminated to challenge the field to create social change.

Decreasing public interest in social psychiatry: An infodemiological study of worldwide Google search volumes from 2004 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: While mental disorder is an 'intrinsically social phenomenon', social psychiatry has been reportedly declining. Addressing public interests in social psychiatry was among the suggestions to address this decline. In recent years, public interest in social psychiatry can be explored using Google Trends, an increasingly important infodemiological tool. OBJECTIVE: This study determined changes in global online public interest in social psychiatry from January 2004 to December 2021 using Google search volumes. METHODS: Search query using this keyword, 'Social Psychiatry (Topic)', was made using the Explore feature of Google Trends. The Region and Time Filters were set to 'Worldwide' and January 2004 to December 2021, respectively. Afterward, the search volumes, country ranking, queries, and topics returned by the Google Trends system was described and compared. RESULTS: There was a generally decreasing trend in search volumes for social psychiatry where it decreased almost 10 times between 2004 and 2021. Only 11 countries were listed in Google Trends' ranking with the top countries including Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Search-related topics and queries were about social psychiatry related concepts, related academic discipline, human resources, social interventions, and education activities. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that there is a decreasing public interest in social psychiatry. To improve this, social psychiatry can address public expectation through improving its connection with allied social sciences, increasing its educational activities, and expanding its social intervention services.

[A Standard of Centers for Community Psychiatry in Lower-Saxonia - Checklist and Model Fidelity Scale]. / Ein Standard für Gemeindepsychiatrische Zentren in Niedersachsen ­ Checkliste und Modelltreueskala.

OBJECTIVE: Definition of a standard for structures and processes of Centers for Community Psychiatry (CCP) that aim at providing mobile, multiprofessional, complex and intensive outpatient care to patients with severe mental illness. METHODS: The standard was developed and consented using a mix-method approach and by involving all relevant stakeholders, including first hand experts and service providers of three CCP model-projects in Lower-Saxonia. RESULTS: The standard comprises a checklist with 12 binary and obligatory CCP features as well as a model fidelity scale with 45 scaled items in 9 dimensions. CONCLUSION: For the first time, a CCP-standard is available that offers a quantifiable and verifiable catalogue of features essential for CCPs. The standard orients at the S3 guideline "Psychosocial Therapies".

Experiencia de participación política en un programa de rehabilitación psicosocial en el sur de Chile / Political participation experience in a psychosocial rehabilitation program in southern Chile

Objetivos: dar cuenta de aspectos relevantes para la participación ciudadana de personas en situación de discapacidad de causa psíquica a partir del proceso constituyente previo, iniciado en el año 2016 durante el segundo mandato de Bachelet. Métodos: se utilizó la sistematización de la experiencia de participación ciudadana de 14 personas en situación de discapacidad de origen psíquico. Resultados: se constató que las personas participantes relevaron, para una nueva constitución, aspectos que se asocian a sus experiencias de exclusión; que inicialmente no confiaban en la clase política y desestimaban sus posibilidades de tener injerencia en el proceso y que identificaban la política con la división entre derecha e izquierda y esta, a su vez, con adherentes y opositores a la dictadura cívico-militar. Conclusiones: es relevante propiciar el ejercicio de reflexión y participación política en este grupo para una real democracia donde todos tengamos cabida, aspecto que suele ser dejado de lado en pos de otras estrategias de rehabilitación psicosocial. (AU)

Objective: To give an account of relevant aspects for the citizen participation of persons with disabilities of psychic cause from the previous constituent process, initiated in 2016 during Bachelet's second term. Methods: The systematization of the experience of citizen participation of 14 persons in situation of disability of psychic origin was used. Results: It was found that, for a new constitution, the participants highlighted aspects associated with their experiences of exclusion; that they initially did not trust the political class and dismissed their possibilities of having a say in the process and that they identified politics with the division between right and left and this, in turn, with adherents and opponents of the civil-military dictatorship. Conclusions: It is relevant to encourage the exercise of reflection and political participation in this group for a real democracy where everyone has a place, an aspect that is usually left aside in favor of other psychosocial rehabilitation strategies. (AU)

Plano de Ação Regional da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial: Tocantins - Macrorregião Centro Sul / Plan de Acción Regional de la Red de Atención Psicosocial: Tocantins - Macrorregión Centro Sur

Busca ampliar o acesso à atenção psicossocial da população da Macrorregião de Saúde Centro Sul do Estado do Tocantins objetivando também dimensionar os vazios assistenciais; propor novos pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial; definir e organizar a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Além de alcançar as metas de implantar 10 (dez) novos serviços dos componentes da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial na Macrorregião Centro Sul nos próximos dois anos e qualificar trabalhadores da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Seeks to expand access to psychosocial care for the population of the South Central Health Macro-region of the State of Tocantins, also aiming to dimension the gaps in care; propose new points of the Psychosocial Care Network; define and organize the Psychosocial Care Network. In addition to achieving the goals of implementing 10 (ten) new services of the components of the Psychosocial Care Network in the South Central Macro-region in the next two years and qualifying workers of the Psychosocial Care Network.

Busca ampliar el acceso a la atención psicosocial de la población de la Macrorregión de Salud Centro Sur del Estado de Tocantins, con el objetivo también de dimensionar las brechas en la atención; proponer nuevos puntos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial; definir y organizar la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Además de alcanzar las metas de implementar 10 (diez) nuevos servicios de los componentes de la Red de Atención Psicosocial en la Macrorregión Centro Sur en los próximos dos años y capacitar a los trabajadores de la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

The rise of psychoanalysis in US hospitals: William Alanson White at St. Elizabeths, 1903-1937 / El auge del psicoanálisis en los hospitales de EEUU: William Alanson White en St. Elizabeths, 1903-1937

Abstract William Alanson White's views on the function and conceptualization of psychoanalysis shaped the practice of the analytic method in the hospital setting in the United States. Here I explore White's original work and maintain that his understanding of transference, the unconscious, symbolism, language, and defense mechanisms were rooted in both traditional intrapsychic and individualistically oriented conceptions and influenced by his orientation toward social psychiatry. In line with Progressive Era ideals, White considered the new science of psychoanalysis important for healing both the individual as well as society; this mutual influence helped shape the evolution of psychoanalytic principles and informed the treatment of patients undergoing psychoanalysis at St. Elizabeths Hospital.

Resumen Las opiniones de William Alanson White sobre la función y la conceptualización del psicoanálisis dieron forma a la práctica del método analítico en el ámbito hospitalario de los EEUU. Aquí exploro el trabajo original de White y sostengo que su comprensión de la transferencia, el inconsciente, el simbolismo, el lenguaje y los mecanismos de defensa estaban enraizados tanto en las concepciones intrapsíquicas tradicionales como en las de orientación individualista e influenciadas por su orientación hacia la psiquiatría social. Conforme con los ideales de la Era Progresista, White consideró que la nueva ciencia del psicoanálisis era importante para curar tanto al individuo como a la sociedad; esta influencia mutua ayudó a dar forma a la evolución de los principios psicoanalíticos y mostró el tratamiento de los pacientes sometidos a psicoanálisis en el Hospital St. Elizabeths.